Hair perming, also known as a permanent wave or perm, is a chemical hair treatment that changes the structure of the hair to create long-lasting curls or waves. This process is used to achieve a variety of hair textures, from loose, beachy waves to tight, defined curls. Here's a description of how hair perming works and what it entails:
 

1. Consultation: The process usually begins with a consultation with a stylist to determine the desired outcome and assess the condition of the hair. This is an important step to ensure the right type of perm is chosen based on the client's hair type, length, and health.

2. Hair Preparation:

• The hair is washed and towel-dried to remove any oils or residues.
• A protective cream or lotion is applied to the scalp and around the hairline to protect the skin from the chemicals.
• Hair is divided into sections and secured with clips or rods, depending on the chosen perming method.

3. Perm Solution Application:

• A chemical perm solution is applied to each section of hair. This solution usually contains chemicals like ammonium thioglycolate or a related compound. The solution breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair shaft, which allows the hair to be reshaped.
• The strength and type of solution used depend on the desired curl pattern and hair condition.
• The solution is left on for a specific amount of time, determined by the stylist, based on the desired curl type.

4. Processing:

• During the processing time, the hair is usually covered with a plastic cap or wrap to maintain moisture and heat, which helps the chemical reaction take place.
• The hairstylist may periodically check the hair to ensure the desired curl pattern is forming.

5. Rinsing:

• After the processing time is complete, the hair is rinsed thoroughly to remove the perm solution.
• Some perms require a neutralizing solution to be applied to the hair to stop the chemical process and lock in the new curl pattern.

6. Shaping:

• Depending on the desired style, the hairstylist may use various methods to shape the curls, such as wrapping the hair around rods or using a different type of curler.
• The shape of the curl and the size of the rods used will influence the final result.

7. Drying and Styling:

• Once the hair has been shaped, it is either air-dried or gently dried using a hooded dryer.
• The final styling can be done to create the desired look, such as loose waves or tight curls.

8. Aftercare:

• After the perm, it's important to use specialized hair products for permed hair to maintain and enhance the curls. These products can help prevent frizz and maintain the shape of the curls.

9. Maintenance: The longevity of the perm depends on factors such as hair type, care, and how fast the hair grows. Touch-up treatments are required as the new growth appears to maintain the style.

It's important to note that perming is a chemical process that can be damaging to the hair, so it's crucial to follow proper aftercare and maintain the health of your hair to ensure the best results. A consultation with a professional stylist is essential to determine whether perming is a suitable option for your hair type and style preferences.